科爾：國民黨課綱微調 疑吹響吞併台灣前奏曲
許銘洲/編譯 2015-08-01 00:05
英國諾丁漢大學前副研究員科爾（J.
Michael Cole）7月31日，於外媒《外交官》（The Diplomat）網路雜誌，發表一篇名為｢年輕學生運動者之死，引發數百人衝擊教育部｣（After
Young Taiwan Activist’s Suicide, Hundreds Storm
Education Ministry），內容如數家珍，逐一評析教育部在課綱微調事件的不當作為。科爾並引述林冠華一位同志友人的說法指出，林的名字將被追憶，不是因為他的自殺；而是他的抗爭精神。
7月31日午夜時分，數百名學運人士，衝進教育部大樓前面，發動佔領，因為反課綱學生發言人林冠華，在前一天凌晨燒炭自殺亡故；也因為教育部，擬強行將高度爭議性的高中課綱，付諸施行。
佔領行動，在台灣近2年來已出現多起類似事件；而這一波，則源自近幾個月，滾雪球般的反課綱微調，所累積的強大抗爭怒火；這次發動佔領，意味著奮力一搏的總決戰。這一波高中｢課綱微調｣的訂定過程，引發諸多批評，包括有，決策過程黑箱不透明，採用中國中心化的思維方向，扭曲史實；而且還將戒嚴時期的獨裁統治，予以漂白。反課綱人士也指出，該課綱檢核小組，由中國統一聯盟副主席王曉波，擔任小組召集人根本不適切。
從無效溝通到”升級佔領”
教育部於2014年2月10日正式公布「微調」之後的新課綱，隨即不到一個月內，課綱檢核小組又宣布說，這次課綱微調只是｢過渡時期｣的權宜性質；至於，大幅度的｢完整課綱｣修訂，將在2018年完成。為了回應新課綱的爭議性修訂，台灣人權促進會向行政法院提起訴訟，而且打贏官司；另一方面，民進黨的立法委員，也針對教育部提起偽造文書之訴。僅管，法律訴訟案的敗訴結果，對教育部相當不利；然而，教育部執意新課綱，必須在8月1日如期實施。
8月1日實施日程之前，官方與反課綱學生，歷經了一場又一場的｢無效溝通｣，接下來的結果，就是723當天，33人因為佔領教育部被捕，學生共24人，其中11人未滿18歲。另外，3位記者也一度遭警方羈押（可能進一步遭到司法指控），這是台灣警方近幾年來，企圖箝制媒體的一貫作為。跟去年318的太陽花學運的反控手法，如出一轍；這次高中學生的反課綱行動，國民黨也針對民進黨，以及代表該黨的總統候選人蔡英文，發動烏賊戰術，將蔡類比為恐怖組織（ISIS）、毛澤東，以及幫派份子，策畫主導整場反課綱戰火。
僅管民進黨，曾贊助學生購買黑色雨傘經費，卻遭擴大指控為操弄學生，不過，此一說法禁不起檢驗。專文指出，就如先前的諸多公民運動一般，這些運動者多半獨立運作，且明確主張跟任何政黨保持距離，以資區隔；此一明白事實，卻無法阻擋將在2016大選遭遇敗北的國民黨，繼續使出抹黑技倆。
白色恐怖手法伸入學生家庭
面對強大民意反彈的教育部，如今依舊一副泰然自若貌，還對佔領學生祭出，非法入侵，以及毀損公物的訴訟行動（此即，學生在部長辦公室內堆疊椅子，阻擋警察進入）。官方也釋放消息指出，一旦學生認錯，就可能遭寬赦；另一方面，教育部也送出公文，要求地方教育人員，必須逐一訪視涉及抗議的學生家庭。
反課綱學生林冠華，7月30日在他生日的那一天，燒炭自殺。先前6月間，他上鄭弘儀的電視訪談節目，曾道出校方人員，到他家訪問，對他的父母親施壓，並且警告他說，如不停止參與社運，刑事紀錄將會危及他個人的未來前途。他所就讀的莊敬高中（職校），也指出，林冠華在學校就是個麻煩人物；不過，校方強調那趟訪視，與他的自殺無關。
7月30日事發當天，教育部在全台，發動一系列校內論壇活動；結果，適得其反，一些校內管理人員，遭到憤怒學生與家長接連砲轟。30日，約200名反課綱人士聚集在教育部，進行燭光守夜活動。晚間約10點，一些學生翻牆進入立法院，學生們短暫佔據了近1小時，他們高呼口號，要求立院召開臨時會，干預教育部的濫權行徑；隨後，民進黨立委也承諾會介入（譯註：7月31日，關於召開臨時會事宜的立法院朝野協商，宣告破局）。
突破拒馬封鎖佔領教育部
7月30日晚間11時，前往立法院的反課綱人士，重返教育部前面的街道，他們為林冠華唱生日快樂歌，並為他燒冥紙，教育部的入口處，也被貼上許多林冠華，以及吳思華的頭像照片。
教育部前面街道的靜坐活動，持續到31日凌晨1:40分；之後，聲援人數一度增加到約800人，其中包括一些前來關心的家長們。人們開始用棍子，以及一些堅硬物體，移開警方數週以來，所設下的拒馬路障；並與警方展開短暫的衝撞，隨即約有200人，成功佔領教育部大樓前面的出入口。現場警方，多次舉牌警告，不過，學生拒絕離開，繼續靜坐一整夜。學生這次並沒有遭到強制驅離，因為柯文哲這次下達命令，不得驅散反課綱運動人士。
After Young Taiwan Activist’s Suicide, Hundreds Storm Education Ministry
Tension spikes in Taiwan as
student activists flood the Ministry of Education.
By J. Michael Cole July 31, 2015
Hundreds of Taiwanese activists
stormed the Ministry of Education building in Taipei after midnight on July 31 as anger mounted over
the ministry’s efforts to implement controversial
changes to high school curriculum guidelines and the death by suicide of one of
the young activists the previous day.
The occupation
– one of several direct actions in the
past two years – occurs after months of snowballing protests over efforts by the government to make “minor” changes to curriculum
guidelines. Critics say the process lacked transparency and that the new
Sino-centric content imposed by the guidelines distorts history and whitewashes
the authoritarian period in the nation’s history. The dissidents
also maintain that members of the 10-person committee in charge of the “minor” adjustments, set up by
then-minister of education Chiang Wei-ling in January 2014, are not suited to
handle the matter. Chief among them is convener Wang Hsiao-po, a vice chairman
of the Alliance for the Reunification of China.
Less than a month after its
creation, the committee announced that the “minor”
adjustments, which are an interim measure before more substantial changes are
made in 2018, were complete. In response, the Taiwan Human Rights Association
filed, and won, a lawsuit against the ministry, forcing the latter to release
additional information about the process. Legislators from the opposition
Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) also filed a lawsuit against the ministry
for “document forgery.”
Despite the legal action, the
ministry pressed ahead and intended the new guidelines to come into force on August 1.
As the deadline approached and
following a series of fruitless meetings between ministry officials and student
organizations nationwide, high school activists launched a brief occupation of
the Ministry of Education on July 23. As a result, 33 persons were arrested,
including 24 students – 11 of them under
the age of 18. Three journalists were also detained, leading to accusations
that police were once again trying to muzzle the press following similar
incidents in recent years. Echoing language it had used during last year’s Sunflower Movement occupation of the Legislative Yuan, the
KMT accused the DPP and its presidential candidate, Tsai Ing-wen – whom they likened to ISIS, Mao Zedong, and a “gangster” – of orchestrating
the protests.
Although the DPP has provided
some monetary assistance to the activists (receipts show that it helped them
buy black umbrellas), allegations that the party has been using or manipulating
young activists do not stand up to scrutiny. As with previous movements, civil
society has acted largely independently and has kept political parties at arms’ length. This, however, has not prevented the KMT, which
faces the prospects of defeat in the January 2016 general elections, of seeking to politicize
the controversy and to tarnish Tsai’s reputation.
Unfazed, the Ministry of
Education filed a lawsuit against the young activists for illegal entry and
destruction of property (stacking chairs to barricade themselves inside
Minister of Education Wu Se-hwa’s office). After hinting that
it might drop the charges if the young activists admitted their “wrongdoing,” the ministry sent a
directive to local educators and school administrators to visit the homes of
many of the students who were involved in the protests.
One of them was Lin Kuan-hua,
who killed himself in his bedroom on July 30 – his 20th
birthday. Lin, who had dropped out of a trade school in June, told a TV talk show that school officials
visited his home, pressured his parents, and warned him that if he didn’t cease and desist, his criminal record risked
compromising his future job prospects. School officials pointed out that Lin
had been a troubled student and that the visit to his home had nothing to do
with his suicide.
Throughout the day, the
Ministry of Education, held a series of forums at schools across Taiwan, where
officials were confronted by angry students and parents.
Later in the day, about 200
activists gathered outside the Ministry of Education for a candlelit vigil. At
around 10 pm, the students jumped over
the gate of the Legislative Yuan next door and occupied its grounds for about
one hour, chanting slogans and calling on legislators to intervene by calling
for an extra legislative session. They also demanded that Wu, a former (and not
uncontroversial) president of National Chengchi University, step down. At
around 11 pm, they vacated the grounds
and returned to the street outside the education ministry, where they sang “happy birthday” for Lin and burned ghost
money. The activists were soon joined by DPP legislators, who promised to
intervene by calling for an extra legislative session, and known TV
personalities. Above them, the front gate to the ministry building was
plastered with pictures of Wu and Lin.
During one of the many
speeches, a young man revealed that he and Lin had been dating and that the
latter should be remembered not for his death, but for the cause he had been
fighting for.
The sit-in lasted until 1:40 a.m., whereupon the activists – whose numbers had swelled to about 800 and included
several parents – used poles and other
objects to pull down the police barricades that have surrounded the ministry
building for weeks. After briefly clashing with police, approximately
200 protesters occupied the area by the entrance to the ministry. Despite
several police orders, protesters refused to leave and launched an overnight
sit-in. Taipei Mayor Ko Wen-je, who was criticized after last week’s previous occupation for his awkward response to the
incident, issued a directive ordering police not to evict the activists.
As of this writing, the
activists were still occupying the grounds of the ministry and said they would
remain until the minister showed up. The movement has issued three demands: Wu’s resignation, the mothballing of the guidelines, and that
the ministry drop all charges against the students.
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